Financial agents can cite rules while still attempting prohibited trades

ReguSim separates an agent’s rationale, attempted order, enforcement outcome, and monitoring evidence to reveal distinct compliance failures.

Top University
Yiyang Luo · Yihang Jiang · Qijun Xie · Liang Lan · Lin Willian Cong · Anyi Rao · +1 more

HKUST · HKBU · NTU

Research Digest··2 min read

In one line

LLM agents can cite financial rules yet still attempt orders that execution checks reject; visible rules, incentives and personas alter behavior but do not guarantee compliant actions.

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ReguSim and ReguBench separate four artifacts in financial compliance: stated reasoning, attempted action, execution enforcement, and monitor evidence. In trader runs with DeepSeek V4 Pro and Gemini 3.5 Flash, showing rules reduced but did not eliminate rejected orders, while incentive and persona framing shifted behavior.

A bridge study found an independent monitor can be misled by a trader's confident but wrong rationale unless execution evidence is shown. For monitoring, simple structured baselines matched or exceeded prompt-only LLMs. The work argues compliance evaluation should be an audit of rule-grounded actions and evidence use, not a single compliance score.

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