Ledger's security research team, Ledger Donjon, found that malicious implants in wallets sold by CryptoBilis used a microcontroller to decode the 24-word recovery phrases displayed on the device screen during setup. The captured data was then transmitted over LTE networks using an embedded SIM (eSIM), according to the company.
Recovery phrases are the cryptographic keys that control a hardware wallet. Anyone who obtains a phrase can access and drain the cryptocurrency stored in the corresponding wallet, making the silent capture of these phrases a direct threat to users' funds.
The discovery has prompted Commercial response across the industry. CryptoBilis has halted sales of the affected wallets, while Trezor and OneKey, which also produce hardware wallets, have distanced themselves from the reseller.