Police arrested the man at a campsite in Taroom on Saturday. He is accused of grooming, assaulting and raping a teenage girl known to him between 2013 and 2018.
The man has been charged with 18 offences, including nine counts of indecent treatment of children under 16 and seven counts of rape. He also faces one count of grooming a child under 16 with intent to procure engagement in a sexual act, and one count of sexual assault.
Detective Senior Sergeant Derek Harris commended the victim-survivor for coming forward.
"We acknowledge the immense courage it takes to come forward and report offences of this nature," Harris said.
"Whether it is an incident that has just occurred, or one from several years ago, I want to reassure victim-survivors that police take all reports seriously and will investigate it to its full extent. You are not alone and support services are available."
The man was refused bail and was scheduled to appear in Toowoomba Magistrates Court on Monday. Investigations remain ongoing.