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The small feline, named Leopardus tilcayo, was identified through genetic analysis led by a National Geographic Explorer.
The new species, Leopardus tilcayo, was identified through research led by National Geographic Explorer Paola Nogales Ascarrunz. Images of the small feline were captured at the Senda Verde animal refuge in the Yungas region of Bolivia on September 1, 2026.
The discovery is notable as it represents the first new cat species found in more than a century. The animal was documented in a photograph showing it walking through the refuge, distributed by Reuters and released via National Geographic.
New mammal species are rare discoveries in modern biology, especially for charismatic groups like felids. The last new cat species described was the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi), recognized in 2006 after genetic studies. The discovery of Leopardus tilcayo underscores how genetic analysis continues to reveal hidden diversity within known populations. The Yungas region of Bolivia is a transition zone between the high Andes and the Amazon basin, known for high endemism.
Conservation biologists: The discovery underscores the importance of preserving lesser-known habitats, which may harbor undocumented species. Taxonomists: The find demonstrates that even in the 21st century, fundamental cataloguing of Earth's biodiversity is incomplete. Critics/Skeptics: Some may question whether the species-level designation will hold under peer review, as genetic and morphological analyses can sometimes conflict.