Co-trained agent roles improve tool-based reasoning and verification

UnifiedPlayers jointly trains task generation, Python-assisted execution, and executable verification rather than relying on a fixed evaluator.

Academic
Wenjie Liao · Liangjie Zhao · Zehong Cao

Waseda University · Adelaide University

Research Digest··2 min read

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Jointly training planning, execution, and evaluation players under GRPO improves tool-integrated reasoning, beating prior baselines on mathematical and general reasoning benchmarks.

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UnifiedPlayers trains three roles in one loop: a Planning Player creates tasks, an Execution Player solves them with multi-turn Python tool calls, and an Evaluation Player builds executable verifiers. Role-specific rewards coordinate all three under GRPO, so feedback adapts as the task distribution and trajectories change.

Across two model backbones and twelve reasoning benchmarks it beats the strongest prior baseline by at least 3.5% on math and 3.9% on general tasks. The learned verifier gets 84.2% adversarial detection accuracy, and its reward signal has 2.03x higher per-question variance than self-consistency, meaning more discriminative feedback. The key payoff is avoiding the degenerate loops that can occur when planning, execution, and evaluation drift independently.

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