The Supreme Court's ruling came just before 18:00 local time on the day of the scheduled execution. The state's execution order was due to expire at midnight. If the execution does not go ahead by then, the Tennessee Supreme Court would need to set a new execution date, according to the Associated Press.
Pike, 50, has been on death row since her conviction and death sentence in 1996. She was convicted of murdering a woman she met at a job training camp for troubled teens. If the execution proceeds, she would be the first woman executed in Tennessee in more than 200 years. Nationally, only 18 women have been executed in the US since the 1970s, compared with 1,663 men.
Earlier on Wednesday, judges on the US Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit paused the execution, saying they needed more time to consider the arguments in Pike's case. The Supreme Court's decision overturned that stay.
Pike's lawyers have said that for years the state of Tennessee argued in court that she lied about being sexually abused as a child. But at a recent hearing about her execution method, the state said it did not dispute that she had been abused.