Patekar, one of the most recognisable faces of Indian cinema, won three National Film Awards and became known for playing complex, often volatile characters. He was also a prominent figure in Marathi language cinema and theatre.
"Despite 45 minutes of continuous CPR, he could not be revived," Dr Shekhar Salkar of Manipal Hospital in Goa told ANI news agency.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi led tributes to the actor on Thursday, praising Patekar's versatility and outspoken personality. Modi wrote on X that Patekar portrayed characters that would "remain etched in the memory of generations" and that his death had left "a vast void in the artistic world."
Bollywood star Akshay Kumar, who appeared alongside Patekar in the comedy film Welcome, remembered him as a rare performer whose voice, intensity and honesty could command an audience's attention.
Patekar made his debut with the film Gaman in 1978 and continued to play smaller roles in several films. However, the intensity that he brought on the screen was hard to miss, and he soon landed a role in Parinda in 1989, making him a household name across India. His portrayal of the volatile, gritty gangster Anna won him his first National Film Award and the Filmfare Award.
He played many memorable characters through the 1990s, showcasing the depth of his acting talent. His portrayal of Major Chauhan in Prahaar – a film he also directed – won him praise. He also played the villainous character of Majid Khan in Angaar, the patriotic firebrand of Tirangaa, and, most notably, Pratap Narayan Tilak in Krantiveer, for which he won the national award for best actor.
Just when critics thought that playing loud characters was his mainstay, he proved them wrong by delivering a mesmerising performance in Khamoshi as a person who could not hear or speak.