Less than 24 hours after President Donald Trump announced he would ban CNN, MS NOW and Politico from the White House, reporters from all three outlets were turned away at the gates on Saturday morning, local time. Each outlet separately confirmed that their teams' press passes were confiscated when they arrived for work.
A CNN statement called the ban "an illegal assault" on the network's constitutional right to report without government interference. MS NOW said it intends to "take any and all steps necessary to defend our First Amendment rights and the essential role of independent journalism in our democracy." Politico said it stands by its reporters and will defend its First Amendment rights.
All three outlets said they would continue covering the Trump administration.
The White House Correspondents' Association condemned the move. "Courts have repeatedly held that once the White House provides access to journalists, it cannot deny that access arbitrarily or based on the content of their reporting," said Jacqui Heinrich, the association's president, calling for immediate restoration of access.
The New York Times called the ban "yet another retaliatory and unconstitutional threat" and said it "stands in support of the news organisations being unfairly targeted." The Washington Post said its access is a "non-negotiable constitutional right" and called the president's actions "a clear form of intimidation meant to silence coverage."
Politico reported that many senior White House staff were surprised by the directive, which was issued while chief of staff Susie Wiles was out of town. The White House declined to issue further statements on Saturday, referring to Mr Trump's comments on Friday.
Speaking in the Oval Office on Friday, Mr Trump described The New York Times and The Washington Post as "fake news" but did not specifically say he would ban them. Some Democrats said the ban is an attempt to control the press and distract voters as Republicans face challenges in the midterm elections.
Mr Trump's initial Truth Social post accused the outlets of "reporting FAKE NEWS" and warned: "Other Fake News Media Outlets to follow."