One woman described years of coercive and controlling behaviour by a police officer who was later jailed after admitting the offence.
Another woman described being raped by a police officer who was later convicted and jailed. She said a subsequent professional standards investigation upheld complaints about how the force handled her case. The force acknowledged failings.
The BBC sent Freedom of Information requests to 45 police forces across England and Wales. Just over half responded, disclosing 1,280 cases investigated by professional standards departments in the three years to January. Nearly half of the cases were recorded by the Metropolitan Police. Most concluded cases resulted in no further action, including 96% in the North West.
Former Merseyside PC Ryan Theaker was jailed for 11 years earlier this month for an 82-minute ordeal in a Liverpool hotel room. Campaigners say more needs to be done to tackle police-perpetrated abuse, especially after the 2021 murder of Sarah Everard by serving Met officer Wayne Couzens.