AI mathematical reasoning improves more with textbook structure than with isolated problems

Fine-tuning a 30-billion-parameter model on a corpus of 380,000 structured proof records raised its average score on six mathematical benchmarks by 16.7 percentage points.

Top University
Youqing Fang · Zhouqi Hua · Yinhao Tang · Yuzhe Gu · Lingkai Kong · Bin Liu · +4 more

University of Science and Technology of China · Fudan University · Shanghai AI Laboratory · Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Research Digest··2 min read
Illustration: AI mathematical reasoning improves more with textbook structure than with isolated problems

In one line

Training on structured textbook proofs raises a language model’s average mathematics score by 16.7 percentage points and beats the tested instruction-data baselines overall.

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Mathematical training often turns textbooks into isolated question-and-answer examples. That loses the order in which ideas are taught and the links showing which results support later proofs.

The team converted textbooks into training examples that connect statements to proofs and show how proof steps depend on earlier results. They trained a language model, software that generates text, on these examples and tested it on mathematics tasks.

The model’s average score rose by 16.7 percentage points over its starting version, and it outperformed the tested public instruction-data sets overall. This suggests that organizing mathematical examples as a connected course can improve proof reasoning.

How it works

before and after
ISOLATED PROBLEM–SOLUTION TRAININGIsolated training pairs: Problems and solutionsIsolated trainingpairsProblems and solutionsFine-tune modelFine-tune modelTRAINING WITH TEXTBOOK STRUCTUREConvert andpreservelinksStructuredsupervisionTest thetrainedmodelMathematics textbooks: Definitions, statements, proofsMathematicstextbooksDefinitions,statements,…TOME-Math: Ordered, linked training recordsTOME-MathOrdered, linkedtraining recordsFine-tune model: Learn from structured recordsFine-tunemodelLearn fromstructured…Evaluate reasoning: Compare mathematical benchmarksEvaluatereasoningComparemathematical…The corpus also retains textbook-authored exercises as a separate set.
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Research Digest

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