Controlled harness reveals what helps agents refactor entire repositories

Across 100 multi-file tasks, structured code retrieval improved agent performance, while naive retrieval and the tested delegation setup underperformed.

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Aziz Ben Amor · Drish Mali · Mann Acharya · Vijayasri Iyer · Sébastien Bratières

Pi School · Translated

Research Digest··2 min read

In one line

AST-aware chunking improves refactoring pass rates by 25-30 percentage points, and a lean retrieval-augmented single agent achieves 86% success.

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RefactorPlatform is an open-source evaluation harness for repository-scale refactoring agents. It isolates design choices: model backbone, execution regime (baseline, retrieval-augmented, multi-agent), and prompt specificity. Testing on 100 multi-file tasks showed key results.

AST-aware chunking of code context outperformed naive token-window chunking by 25-30 percentage points. A single retrieval-augmented agent achieved an 86% pass rate, significantly better than a multi-agent configuration (66%). Additionally, retrieval's accuracy gains did not increase the cost per successful refactoring.

This is interesting because it provides a reproducible benchmark for a challenging task and suggests that simpler, retrieval-augmented single agents can be more effective than complex multi-agent systems for refactoring.

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Research Digest

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