Greenland Stops Short of Calling 1960s Forced Contraception Genocide

Justice minister says government cannot conclude on genocide, as expert reports released and compensation law passed

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Greenland's justice minister has said the government cannot conclude whether genocide was committed against the Inuit community, after expert reports examined the use of forced contraception on thousands of women and girls in the 1960s and 1970s.

Greenlandic Justice Minister Marianne Paviasen told reporters on Friday that the government could not determine whether the forced contraception amounted to genocide, following the release of two reports on the practice. "We cannot say, on behalf of the government, whether there was genocide," Paviasen said. "This is something we can continue to debate."

The reports come a year after Denmark formally apologised for the treatment of Inuit women and girls in its autonomous territory. Greenlandic Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen announced that a "reconciliation commission" would be established. Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen said the two governments would work together on the matter.

Records from the national archives show that between 1966 and 1970, approximately 4,500 Greenlandic women and girls, some as young as 13, had an intra-uterine device (IUD) implanted under a birth-control programme administered by Danish doctors. Many women have since come forward saying they were fitted with the device without their knowledge or consent. The widespread use of contraception in the programme significantly slowed Greenland's population growth.

Denmark has passed a compensation law to pay 300,000 Danish crowns ($46,800) to each woman affected by the policy. In 2024, a former prime minister of Greenland, Mute B Egede, described the practice as "genocide". The UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide includes in its definition "imposing measures intended to prevent births" within a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.

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Analysis

Why This Matters

  • The conclusion on whether forced contraception constitutes genocide has profound legal and moral implications for Denmark and Greenland, and could set a precedent for similar cases worldwide
  • The outcome affects thousands of Inuit women and girls who were subjected to the practice, and their descendants
  • The establishment of a reconciliation commission signals a move toward addressing historical trauma, but the lack of a genocide finding may fuel ongoing debate

Background

Greenland is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. The forced contraception programme, run by Danish doctors, operated between 1966 and 1970, involving IUD implants on thousands of Inuit women and girls. In recent years, survivors have come forward with accounts of non-consensual procedures. Denmark apologised last August for what it called "systematic discrimination". The term "genocide" was raised by former Greenlandic Prime Minister Mute B Egede in 2024, aligning with the UN convention's definition of measures to prevent births within a group.

Key Perspectives

Greenlandic government: Emphasises that it cannot definitively label the practice as genocide, leaving the question open for debate and ongoing reconciliation efforts. Prime Minister Nielsen has committed to a reconciliation commission. Denmark: Has issued an apology and passed a compensation law for affected women, but has not officially recognised the actions as genocide. Danish PM Frederiksen says the two governments will work together. Critics and survivors: Many affected women and their advocates argue the forced contraception programme was a deliberate measure to limit the birth of Inuit children, fitting the UN definition of genocide. The former Greenlandic PM has publicly used the term.

What to Watch

  • The findings of the proposed reconciliation commission and whether it can reach a consensus on the genocide question
  • The pace of compensation payments under Denmark's new law and how many women apply
  • Potential for international legal action or further pressure from human rights groups based on the UN convention definition

Sources

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