Memory guidelines help language-model agents succeed consistently across repeated runs

The authors identify unstable steps in agent trajectories and turn those diagnoses into reusable guidance for future executions.

Big Tech
Evelyn Duesterwald · Benjamin Elder · Lilian Ngweta · Shashanka Ubaru · Malgorzata Zimon

IBM Software Innovation Lab · IBM Research

Research Digest··2 min read

In one line

LLM agents averaging 77% per-run success on AppWorld pass all five runs on only 53% of tasks; self-evolving consistency guidelines raise this by 16 points same-task and 13 similar-task.

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LLM-powered agents can look accurate in aggregate while failing unpredictably on repetition. On AppWorld, a ReAct agent using GPT-4.1 averaged 77% per-run pass rate, but only 53% of tasks passed all five runs, a 24-point consistency gap. The framework analyzes trajectories offline, detects steps whose responses vary across resamples, and generates natural-language guidelines that are stored and injected into prompts on future similar tasks.

This raised the fraction of tasks passing all five runs by 16 percentage points on same-task evaluation and 13 points on similar-task generalization. The approach needs no model internals and no changes to the inference loop. It matters because average accuracy hides run-to-run unreliability, and consistency is a separate axis from capability.

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Research Digest

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