Russia's Foreign Ministry announced the consulate must cease operations no later than September 18, and confirmed that Germany's Goethe-Institut cultural centres in Russia must cease activities, with staff ordered to leave the country by September 13.
"It was the German authorities who, once again, provoked a new round of escalation in bilateral relations. The German government bears full and complete responsibility for the consequences," the ministry said in a statement.
The move follows Berlin's decision to close the Russian consulate in Bonn and a Russian cultural centre in response to the alleged drone attack at Leipzig Airport in early August. European leaders reacted with outrage, with the EU calling the incident — which involved an explosive-laden drone — "state sponsored terrorism."
Over the weekend, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov accused Berlin of "wanting war again."
Germany has also been rocked by further purported sabotage attempts on its power grid and defence contractors over the past two weeks, though Berlin has not directly blamed Russia for those incidents.
German Chancellor Friedrich Merz on Monday stressed he would "not budge a single millimetre from my fundamental conviction that we must defend our freedom against Russia as well."
Separately, Finnish authorities unveiled a 200-kilometre fence along its border with Russia. Interior Minister Mari Rantanen said the fence was needed to counter hybrid warfare and prevent Moscow from "instrumentalising" migrants to destabilise Finland.
"Today, it is calm but tense, and we really don't know about tomorrow. It can change really rapidly, and that is why we need to be very prepared," she said.