Why This Matters

• The AfD's electoral breakthrough in Saxony-Anhalt marks the first time the party has won a state election, shifting Germany's political landscape.
• Two more state votes this month could further entrench far-right influence, affecting national policy on immigration, energy, and EU relations.
• The protests reflect deep societal divisions and a broader European struggle between anti-establishment populism and pro-democracy forces.

Background

The Alternative für Deutschland began as an anti-euro party in 2013 and has steadily shifted to the far right, capitalising on anti-immigration sentiment and mistrust of mainstream parties. In recent years, the party has been under surveillance by German domestic intelligence in some states for suspected extremism. Its strong showing in Saxony-Anhalt has heightened concerns ahead of the Berlin and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania elections.

Key Perspectives

Pro-democracy protesters: See the AfD as a threat to democratic values, multiculturalism, and Germany's international alliances, and urge voters to reject the party at the polls. AfD supporters: View the party as a voice for those disillusioned with mainstream politics, prioritising strict immigration controls, national sovereignty, and closer ties with Russia. Critics and analysts: Warn that even if the AfD does not win outright, its gains could pressure other parties to adopt harsher positions on immigration and energy policy, normalising far-right rhetoric.

What to Watch

• The outcome of the Berlin state election later this month, a bellwether for national mood.
• Whether mainstream parties form a cordon sanitaire or begin to cooperate with the AfD at the state level.
• Any escalation of protests or counter-demonstrations in the days leading up to the votes.