The figure, obtained by the RAC motoring organisation through freedom of information requests, is 9% higher than in 2024 and almost double the number recorded in 2018. Most cases are believed to involve cloning, where a number plate is fraudulently copied onto a similar vehicle to avoid enforcement cameras.
The rising numbers have renewed concerns about illegal plates being used by criminals to evade detection and by dangerous drivers to avoid being caught. While drivers should provide number plate suppliers with the V5C vehicle logbook and proof of identity, an investigation last year found more than 130 official suppliers in the UK willing to sell cloned versions.
The RAC said the incidents left innocent car owners struggling to prove they were not responsible when enforcement camera images appeared to show their vehicle committing offences. A parallel concern is the use of "ghost" plates, designed to be unreadable by the UK's 18,000 automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras, which enforce speed limits and lane closures on smart motorways.
Simon Williams, the RAC's head of policy, said the UK needed to overhaul an outdated and poorly regulated number plate system. "If number plate suppliers were carrying out all the checks they're supposed to, it would be much harder for dodgy drivers to buy cloned plates in the first place," he said. "It's only when a fine arrives at a vehicle keeper's home address that they realise someone else is driving around using their vehicle's number plate illegally."
He also called for more action against ghost plates, including more police officers equipped with handheld detection devices, updated ANPR cameras, and higher security standards for plates and their producers.
Last month the government announced a new nationwide crackdown on illegal number plates, with Department for Transport funding for a new roads policing team. A new National Roads Policing Coordination Centre would share intelligence and trial technology such as specialised goggles to detect plates designed to be unreadable by cameras.