German students strike over possible return of compulsory military service

Why This Matters

• The possible reintroduction of compulsory military service would affect every young person in Germany, making the debate personally significant for millions of families.
• The protests come at a time when Germany is under pressure to strengthen its military amid the ongoing war in Ukraine and broader European security concerns.
• The outcome could signal how willing Germany's public is to accept new defence obligations.

Background

Germany suspended compulsory military service in 2011, moving toward an all-volunteer force. Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has shifted the security debate across Europe, with Germany's government now looking to expand its armed forces. The law that took effect in January was presented as a voluntary scheme, but it includes provisions that could lead to conscription if recruitment falls short or the security situation deteriorates.

Key Perspectives

Protesters and student organisers: They argue that young people do not want to join the Bundeswehr, pointing to questionnaire responses as evidence. They are demanding that compulsory military service be taken off the table entirely. German government and security policymakers: Chancellor Merz and his government have made military strengthening a priority, with the voluntary service law seen as a first step toward a larger force. Critics and skeptics: Some may question whether the questionnaire and medical exams are truly voluntary for women or whether they are the first stage of a backdoor return to conscription. Others worry that relying on volunteers alone will not meet Germany's defence needs.

What to Watch

• How many young men respond to the questionnaires and how many express willingness to serve.
• Whether the Bundestag moves to trigger compulsory service if volunteer numbers fall short.
• Further protest actions or escalation by student groups if the government signals it will push ahead with reintroduction.