Police allege the shooting occurred at about 12.40am on Saturday, when bullets struck a bedroom window and wall at the suburban Perth property. Seven people, including children, were inside.
A man suffered minor injuries from shattered glass, but nobody was seriously hurt. Police do not believe the occupants were the intended targets.
The weapon has not been recovered.
Police arrested the teenager on Monday and charged him with eight offences, including unlawful use of a firearm, endangering life, possession of stolen property and driving without authority. He is due to reappear in Perth Children's Court next week.
WA Firearm Traders Association president Bevan Steele described the weapon allegedly used in the shooting as "a highly illicit firearm" and said it could only have entered Australia illegally.
"We haven't seen these firearms in WA, in the legal environment, since 1996 … if you had one of these on your dealer's licence, it is gone, well and truly," Steele said.
Category D semi-automatic rifles have been outlawed in Western Australia since firearm laws were tightened following the 1996 Port Arthur massacre. In WA, only police, the military and certain government agencies can legally use the long-arm weapons.
Police Minister Reece Whitby called the allegations "extremely concerning".