Post-training can replace prompt-time schema injection for enterprise coding agents

CRAFT uses supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning to learn schema knowledge and tool use, reducing token costs and improving consistency.

Big Tech
Aakash Kolekar · Sahika Genc · Shahriar Shariat · Bunyamin Sisman · Tibor Mezi · Barbara Poblete · +7 more

Amazon Advertising Foundations · Amazon Web Services Agentic AI

Research Digest··2 min read

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CRAFT uses two-stage post-training to embed schema knowledge into coding agents, improving analytics performance while reducing prompt token costs by 9x.

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Enterprise that turn natural language into code usually inject full schema documentation into every prompt. This approach is costly, fragile to schema changes, and hurts multi-turn reliability. CRAFT instead embeds stable schema knowledge directly into the model through a two-stage post-training recipe, eliminating the need for exhaustive prompt-time schema injection.

CRAFT first uses schema-stripped supervised fine-tuning (PLAN SFT) to learn domain plans and executable behaviors from validated trajectories. Then execution-shaped reinforcement learning (GRPO) aligns the policy for tool selection, code quality, and recovery from failures. Training data is curated by a Tri-Gate filter combining execution validation, data-integrity checks, and an LLM-judge reasoning audit.

Evaluated in advertising analytics over 25 schema-linked entities and 30 workflows, CRAFT improved composite Agent Score by 9.6 percentage points, consistency by 4.1 pp, and multi-turn coherence by 4.2 pp compared to a schema-stuffed baseline. It also reduced input-token burden by roughly 9x and schema-discovery loops by up to 5x. These results show that post-training can replace prompt stuffing for enterprise coding agents, lowering cost and improving maintainability.

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