Three-stage training instills world model planning into LLM agents

The authors show that injecting latent predictive capability through mid-training, then structuring it via supervised fine-tuning and calibrating with reinforcement learning, enables agents to verbalize future rollouts and success estimates, outperforming reactive baselines.

Chinese Tech
Xuan Zhang · Zhijian Zhou · Lingfeng Qiao · Yulei Qin · Ke Li · Xing Sun · +3 more

Fudan University · Shanghai Innovation Institute · Tencent Youtu Lab

Research Digest··2 min read

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A three-stage training paradigm enables LLM agents to internalize a world model for future-aware planning and outperforms baselines on search and math reasoning.

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The paper introduces a training paradigm that gives LLM agents an internal world model for future-aware planning. Standard agents are reactive in long-horizon tasks, but this approach enables them to simulate outcomes before acting. The authors identify a format-capability gap in existing fine-tuning methods and propose three stages: World Model Agentic Mid-Training to inject predictive capabilities, Format-Eliciting SFT to structure those capabilities, and Foresight-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning to refine calibration.

Evaluated on search and mathematical reasoning tasks, the approach consistently outperforms other training baselines. This is interesting because it transforms LLM agents from reactive to proactive planners, addressing a key limitation in long-horizon decision-making without requiring external simulators.

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Research Digest

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